Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a specialized medical procedure specifically designed to diagnose and treat conditions affecting the bile ducts, gallbladder, pancreas, and liver. By integrating endoscopy and fluoroscopy, ERCP enables healthcare providers to visually assess and intervene in the biliary and pancreatic duct systems.

Throughout this procedure, a flexible endoscope is gently inserted through the mouth, passing through the esophagus and stomach into the duodenum. A small catheter is then meticulously guided into the bile or pancreatic ducts, followed by the injection of contrast dye to enhance imaging on X-rays. This process facilitates the identification of blockages, strictures, stones, tumors, or other abnormalities.

ERCP serves a dual purpose in both diagnosis and therapy. It is frequently employed to eliminate gallstones from the bile ducts, place stents to alleviate duct obstructions, or collect tissue biopsies for further analysis. Additionally, it proves beneficial in managing complications arising from gallbladder surgery or treating infections such as cholangitis.

Before the procedure, preparation involves fasting for several hours, and patients are typically provided with sedation to ensure comfort. While ERCP is generally considered safe, potential risks encompass pancreatitis, bleeding, infection, or perforation of the digestive tract. Although these complications are rare, prompt medical attention is imperative should they occur.